Blamming and Accusing Someone

Blaming is when someone said that person did a mistake that should be her/ his responbility, like choosing wrong way. Blaming is an expression that is used to say on somebody the responbility for something done (badly or wrongly) or not done.

EXPRESSING BLAMING

• §  It was your own fault.
• §  What did you expect? You should have/shouldn't have...
• §  I told you but you wouldn't listen.
• §  It's no use crying over spill milk.
• §  It serves you right.
• §  Perhaps that'll teach you a lesson.
• §  You're the one to blame.

Admitting Mistakes and Making Promises

Mistake is a misunderstanding or misconception or an error in action, calculation, opinion, or judgement caused by poor reasoning, carelessness, insufficient knowledge, etc.

When you have a mistake to someone, you need to plead your mistake, so the problem will be clear. Admitting Mistake is the way you to admit and ask for a sorry of your mistake.

The Benefits of Admitting Your Mistakes

·                     It demonstrates your courage

·                     It demonstrates your humanity

·                     It engenders more trusting relationships

·                     It creates greater organisational value

2nd and 3rd Conditional Sentences

2nd Conditional

Form: The if-clause is put in the simple past, the main clause has got a ‘would’ + infinitive.

Use: We use this type of sentence pattern when we express suppositions. These suppositions can be :

1.        statements of unreal situations

”If I were 18 again I would go on a round the world tour.” (I’m not 18, in fact I’m 25)

2.   about things that we don’t expect to happen

”If I won some money I would go on a round the world tour next year.” (But I don’t really expect to win money)

The structure of a second conditional sentence

Like a first conditional, a second conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:

Making Suggestion and Requesting Something

We often suggest ideas or things to do. Here are some common examples with seeing a film. You can use the structures to talk about other things, of course.

Expressions to use in speaking and writing:

1. Why don't we go to the cinema?
2. Let's go to the cinema. What do you think?
3. How about going to the cinema?
4. How do you feel about seeing a film?
5. Fancy seeing a film?
6. I'd like to see a film. How about you?
7. We could always see a film.
8. Why not go and see a film?
9. Seeing a film's one idea.
10. It would be nice to see a film.

Complaining and Giving Istruction

COMPLAINING

Complaints are expressions of "displeasure or annoyance" in response to an action that is seen by the speaker as unfavorable. Suppose you want to complain about the pizza you have just ordered because it's too salty, what are the expressions needed to express and respond to complaints?

Making a Complaint:

• Here are useful expressions you can use when complaining:
• I’m afraid I have to make a serious complaint.
• Look, I’m sorry to trouble you, but….
• Excuse me, I’m afraid…
• Excuse me, there seems to be something wrong with…
• Excuse me, there appears to be something wrong…
• I wonder if you could help me…..
• I’ve got a bit of a problem here, you see……
• Do you think you could……?
• I’m sorry to have to say this, but….
• Would you mind (doing)….?
• I wish you wouldn’t mind….
• I do wish you could….
• Wouldn’t it be a good idea to/ not to….

Explanation Text

Definition and purposes of Explanation

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Generally the purpose of an explanation text is explaining how something forms or why the thing happens. So when we read an explanation text, the text will cover the answer of "how" or "why" relating to a thing or a phenomenon. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic structure of Explanation
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Business Letters

Parts of a Business Letter

This resource is organized in the order in which you should write a business letter, starting with the sender's address if the letter is not written on letterhead.

Sender's Address

The sender's address usually is included in letterhead. If you are not using letterhead, include the sender's address at the top of the letter one line above the date. Do not write the sender's name or title, as it is included in the letter's closing. Include only the street address, city, and zip code.

Date

The date line is used to indicate the date the letter was written. However, if your letter is completed over a number of days, use the date it was finished in the date line. When writing to companies within the United States, use the American date format. (The United States-based convention for formatting a date places the month before the day. For example: June 11, 2001. ) Write out the month, day and year two inches from the top of the page. Depending which format you are using for your letter, either left justify the date or tab to the center point and type the date.