Passive Sentences

In a passive sentence, the subject does not perform the action in the sentence.  In fact, the action is performed on it.

Examples:

• Anita was driven to the theatre.In this example, "Anita" is the subject of the sentence - subject of the verb "was".  However, she did not perform the action of the verb "to drive".  The action was done to her; she was the recipient of the action.)
• Nowadays, kites are protected.("kites" - passive subject, i.e., the action is being done to them)
• The olives are stoned and crushed in this area. ("olives" - passive subject, i.e., the actions are being done to them)

In a passive sentence, the person or thing doing the action is usually preceded by the word "by".

Examples:

• Anita was driven to the theatre by Carla.
• Nowadays, kites are protected by law.
• The olives are stoned and crushed in this area by my son.

The opposite of a passive sentence is an active sentence, in which the subject does perform the action of the verb. 

One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.

Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.

            

Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.

NOTE:   Colorful parrots live in the rainforests cannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence does not have a direct object.

To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:

    1.  Move  the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject  slot

             

    2. Place the active sentence's subject into a  phrase beginning with the preposition by

              

    

3.  Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the  main verb's form

              

Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning.

As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in  active voice  flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in  passive voice.

             

            

It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice.

To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above.

    1.  Move  the passive sentence's subject into the active  sentence's  direct object slot

             

    2.  Remove  the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed

            

    3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.

           

Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible.

The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when

• The doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence.

             Examples :

             

• The writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action.

            Examples :

               

• The writer wishes to use passive voice for sentence variety.